| correlation_guide_kennedy_ap_16e.pdf |
THEMES
You must choose a theme to focus on for the entire Semester. You must tie your theme to the particular period we are covering, using specific evidence. You will tie your themes together in timed writings. We do this to help you achieve the last "Complex Thinking" point on the LEQ and DBQ Rubrics.
THEME 1: AMERICAN AND NATIONAL IDENTITY (NAT/ID)
This theme focuses on how and why definitions of American and national identity and values have developed among the diverse and changing population of North America as well as on related topics, such as citizenship, constitutionalism, foreign policy, assimilation, and American exceptionalism.
THEME 2: WORK, EXCHANGE, AND TECHNOLOGY (WXT)
This theme focuses on the factors behind the development of systems of
economic exchange, particularly the role of technology, economic markets,
and government.
THEME 3: GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (GEO/ENV)
This theme focuses on the role of geography and both the natural and
human-made environments in the social and political developments in what
would become the United States.
THEME 4: MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT (MIG/PEO)
This theme focuses on why and how the various people who moved to and
within the United States both adapted to and transformed their new social
and physical environments.
THEME 5: POLITICS AND POWER (POL)
This theme focuses on how different social and political groups have
influenced society and government in the United States as well as how
political beliefs and institutions have changed over time.
THEME 6: AMERICA IN THE WORLD (WOR)
This theme focuses on the interactions between nations that affected
North American history in the colonial period and on the influence of the
United States on world affairs.
THEME 7: AMERICAN AND REGIONAL CULTURE (ARC/CULT)
This theme focuses on the how and why national, regional, and group cultures developed and changed as well as how culture has shaped government policy and the economy. This theme focuses on how the cultural attributes of music, literature, art, and dance develop and change as well as the impact that these attributes have on the broader society.
THEME 8: SOCIAL STRUCTURES (SOC)
This theme focuses on how and why systems of social organization
develop and change as well as the impact that these systems have on the
broader society.
THEMES
You must choose a theme to focus on for the entire Semester. You must tie your theme to the particular period we are covering, using specific evidence. You will tie your themes together in timed writings. We do this to help you achieve the last "Complex Thinking" point on the LEQ and DBQ Rubrics.
THEME 1: AMERICAN AND NATIONAL IDENTITY (NAT/ID)
This theme focuses on how and why definitions of American and national identity and values have developed among the diverse and changing population of North America as well as on related topics, such as citizenship, constitutionalism, foreign policy, assimilation, and American exceptionalism.
THEME 2: WORK, EXCHANGE, AND TECHNOLOGY (WXT)
This theme focuses on the factors behind the development of systems of
economic exchange, particularly the role of technology, economic markets,
and government.
THEME 3: GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (GEO/ENV)
This theme focuses on the role of geography and both the natural and
human-made environments in the social and political developments in what
would become the United States.
THEME 4: MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT (MIG/PEO)
This theme focuses on why and how the various people who moved to and
within the United States both adapted to and transformed their new social
and physical environments.
THEME 5: POLITICS AND POWER (POL)
This theme focuses on how different social and political groups have
influenced society and government in the United States as well as how
political beliefs and institutions have changed over time.
THEME 6: AMERICA IN THE WORLD (WOR)
This theme focuses on the interactions between nations that affected
North American history in the colonial period and on the influence of the
United States on world affairs.
THEME 7: AMERICAN AND REGIONAL CULTURE (ARC/CULT)
This theme focuses on the how and why national, regional, and group cultures developed and changed as well as how culture has shaped government policy and the economy. This theme focuses on how the cultural attributes of music, literature, art, and dance develop and change as well as the impact that these attributes have on the broader society.
THEME 8: SOCIAL STRUCTURES (SOC)
This theme focuses on how and why systems of social organization
develop and change as well as the impact that these systems have on the
broader society.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE AP TEXT, AP PERIODS, AND AP THEMES
Period 3: 1754–1800
British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new American republic, along with struggles over the new nation’s social, political, and economic identity. Chapters 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Key Concept 3.1
Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation, the United States. Chapters 6, 7, 8
I. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances with Europeans, other tribes, and the new United States government.
(ID-4) (POL-1) (ENV-2) (ENV-4) (CUL-1)
• War’s Fateful Aftermath (pp. 113–115)
• The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier (pp. 151–153)
II. During and after the imperial struggles of the mid-18th century, new pressures began to unite the British colonies against perceived and real constraints on their economic activities and political rights, sparking a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.
(ID-1) (WXT-1) (POL-1) (WOR-1) (CUL-2) (CUL-4)
• The Stamp Tax Uproar (pp. 119–120)
• Forced Repeal of the Stamp Act (pp. 120–122)
• The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston “Massacre” (pp. 122–123)
• The Seditious Committees of Correspondence (pp. 123–124)
• Tea Brewing in Boston (pp. 124–126) • Parliament Passes the “Intolerable Acts” (p. 126)
• Bloodshed (pp. 126–128)
• Congress Drafts George Washington (pp. 135–136)
• Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings (p. 136)
• Patriots and Loyalists (pp. 141–143)
III. In response to domestic and international tensions, the new United States debated and formulated foreign policy initiatives and asserted an international presence.
(WOR-5) (POL-2)
• Imperial Strength and Weakness (pp. 128–129)
• Thinking Globally: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Revolt (pp. 130–131)
• The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War (pp. 149–150)
Key Concept 3.2
In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government, as well as other new religious, economic and cultural ideas, challenged traditional imperial systems across the Atlantic World. Chapters 8, 9, 10
I. During the 18th century, new ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and governance, and ultimately inspired experiments with new governmental structures.
(ID-1) (POL-5) (WOR-2) (CUL-4)
• Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense (pp. 137–139)
• Paine and the Idea of “Republicanism” (pp. 139–140)
• Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence (pp. 140–141)
• Constitution Making in the States (pp. 160–161)
• Creating a Confederation (pp. 162–164)
• The Articles of Confederation: America’s First Constitution (pp. 164–165)
II. After experiencing the limitations of the Articles of Confederation, American political leaders wrote a new Constitution based on the principles of federalism and separation of powers, crafted a Bill of Rights, and continued their debates about the proper balance between liberty and order.
(WXT-6) (POL-5) (WOR-5)
• Landmarks in Land Laws (pp. 165–166)
• A Convention of “Demigods” (pp. 169–170)
• Patriots in Philadelphia (p. 170)
• Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises (pp. 170–172)
• Safeguards for Conservatism (pp. 172–173)
• The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists (pp. 173–174)
• The Great Debate in the States (pp. 174–176)
• The Four Laggard States (pp. 176–177)
• Contending Voices: Debating the New Constitution (p. 177)
• A Conservative Triumph (pp. 177–178)
• The Bill of Rights (p. 184)
• Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit (pp. 184–185)
• Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank (pp. 186–187)
• Contending Voices: Human Nature and the Nature of Government (p. 187)
• Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (pp. 192–193)
• The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions (pp. 199–200)
III. While the new governments continued to limit rights to some groups, ideas promoting self-government and personal liberty reverberated around the world.
(ID-4) (WOR-2 ) (POL-5) (CUL-2)
• Examining the Evidence: A Revolution for Women? Abigail Adams Chides Her Husband, 1776 (p. 142) • Contending Voices: Two Revolutions: French and American (p. 154)
• The Pursuit of Equality (pp. 178–179)
Key Concept 3.3
Migration within North America, cooperative interaction, and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity. Chapters 1, 5, 6, 9, 10
I. As migrants streamed westward from the British colonies along the Atlantic seaboard, interactions among different groups that would continue under an independent United States resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending.
(ID-5) (ID-6) (PEO-5) (POL-1) (WOR-1) (WOR-5)
• Exploration and Imperial Rivalry (pp. 20–22)
• A Mingling of the Races (pp. 78–80) • The Structure of Colonial Society (pp. 84–86)
• George Washington Inaugurates War with France (pp. 105–107)
• Global War and Colonial Disunity (pp. 107–109)
• War’s Fateful Aftermath (pp. 113–115)
• The Horrid Specter of Anarchy (pp. 168–169)
• Embroilments with Britain (pp. 193–194)
II. The policies of the United States that encouraged western migration and the orderly incorporation of new territories into the nation both extended republican institutions and intensified conflicts among American Indians and Europeans in the trans-Appalachian West.
(POL-1) (PEO-4) (WOR-5)
• Landmarks in Land Laws (pp. 165–166)
• Embroilments with Britain (pp. 193–194)
• Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell (pp. 194–195)
III. New voices for national identity challenged tendencies to cling to regional identities, contributing to the emergence of distinctly American cultural expressions.
(ID-5) (WXT-2) (WXT-4) (POL-2) (CUL-2) (ENV-3)
• The Pursuit of Equality (pp. 178–179)
• Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit (pp. 184–185)
• Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank (pp. 186–187)
• Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party (pp. 197–198)
• The Federalist Witch Hunt (pp. 198–199)
• The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions (pp. 199–200)
• Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans (pp. 200–202)
Period 3: 1754–1800
British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new American republic, along with struggles over the new nation’s social, political, and economic identity. Chapters 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Key Concept 3.1
Britain’s victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation, the United States. Chapters 6, 7, 8
I. Throughout the second half of the 18th century, various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances with Europeans, other tribes, and the new United States government.
(ID-4) (POL-1) (ENV-2) (ENV-4) (CUL-1)
• War’s Fateful Aftermath (pp. 113–115)
• The Land Frontier and the Sea Frontier (pp. 151–153)
II. During and after the imperial struggles of the mid-18th century, new pressures began to unite the British colonies against perceived and real constraints on their economic activities and political rights, sparking a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.
(ID-1) (WXT-1) (POL-1) (WOR-1) (CUL-2) (CUL-4)
• The Stamp Tax Uproar (pp. 119–120)
• Forced Repeal of the Stamp Act (pp. 120–122)
• The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston “Massacre” (pp. 122–123)
• The Seditious Committees of Correspondence (pp. 123–124)
• Tea Brewing in Boston (pp. 124–126) • Parliament Passes the “Intolerable Acts” (p. 126)
• Bloodshed (pp. 126–128)
• Congress Drafts George Washington (pp. 135–136)
• Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings (p. 136)
• Patriots and Loyalists (pp. 141–143)
III. In response to domestic and international tensions, the new United States debated and formulated foreign policy initiatives and asserted an international presence.
(WOR-5) (POL-2)
• Imperial Strength and Weakness (pp. 128–129)
• Thinking Globally: Imperial Rivalry and Colonial Revolt (pp. 130–131)
• The Colonial War Becomes a Wider War (pp. 149–150)
Key Concept 3.2
In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government, as well as other new religious, economic and cultural ideas, challenged traditional imperial systems across the Atlantic World. Chapters 8, 9, 10
I. During the 18th century, new ideas about politics and society led to debates about religion and governance, and ultimately inspired experiments with new governmental structures.
(ID-1) (POL-5) (WOR-2) (CUL-4)
• Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense (pp. 137–139)
• Paine and the Idea of “Republicanism” (pp. 139–140)
• Jefferson’s “Explanation” of Independence (pp. 140–141)
• Constitution Making in the States (pp. 160–161)
• Creating a Confederation (pp. 162–164)
• The Articles of Confederation: America’s First Constitution (pp. 164–165)
II. After experiencing the limitations of the Articles of Confederation, American political leaders wrote a new Constitution based on the principles of federalism and separation of powers, crafted a Bill of Rights, and continued their debates about the proper balance between liberty and order.
(WXT-6) (POL-5) (WOR-5)
• Landmarks in Land Laws (pp. 165–166)
• A Convention of “Demigods” (pp. 169–170)
• Patriots in Philadelphia (p. 170)
• Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises (pp. 170–172)
• Safeguards for Conservatism (pp. 172–173)
• The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists (pp. 173–174)
• The Great Debate in the States (pp. 174–176)
• The Four Laggard States (pp. 176–177)
• Contending Voices: Debating the New Constitution (p. 177)
• A Conservative Triumph (pp. 177–178)
• The Bill of Rights (p. 184)
• Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit (pp. 184–185)
• Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank (pp. 186–187)
• Contending Voices: Human Nature and the Nature of Government (p. 187)
• Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (pp. 192–193)
• The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions (pp. 199–200)
III. While the new governments continued to limit rights to some groups, ideas promoting self-government and personal liberty reverberated around the world.
(ID-4) (WOR-2 ) (POL-5) (CUL-2)
• Examining the Evidence: A Revolution for Women? Abigail Adams Chides Her Husband, 1776 (p. 142) • Contending Voices: Two Revolutions: French and American (p. 154)
• The Pursuit of Equality (pp. 178–179)
Key Concept 3.3
Migration within North America, cooperative interaction, and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity. Chapters 1, 5, 6, 9, 10
I. As migrants streamed westward from the British colonies along the Atlantic seaboard, interactions among different groups that would continue under an independent United States resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending.
(ID-5) (ID-6) (PEO-5) (POL-1) (WOR-1) (WOR-5)
• Exploration and Imperial Rivalry (pp. 20–22)
• A Mingling of the Races (pp. 78–80) • The Structure of Colonial Society (pp. 84–86)
• George Washington Inaugurates War with France (pp. 105–107)
• Global War and Colonial Disunity (pp. 107–109)
• War’s Fateful Aftermath (pp. 113–115)
• The Horrid Specter of Anarchy (pp. 168–169)
• Embroilments with Britain (pp. 193–194)
II. The policies of the United States that encouraged western migration and the orderly incorporation of new territories into the nation both extended republican institutions and intensified conflicts among American Indians and Europeans in the trans-Appalachian West.
(POL-1) (PEO-4) (WOR-5)
• Landmarks in Land Laws (pp. 165–166)
• Embroilments with Britain (pp. 193–194)
• Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell (pp. 194–195)
III. New voices for national identity challenged tendencies to cling to regional identities, contributing to the emergence of distinctly American cultural expressions.
(ID-5) (WXT-2) (WXT-4) (POL-2) (CUL-2) (ENV-3)
• The Pursuit of Equality (pp. 178–179)
• Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit (pp. 184–185)
• Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank (pp. 186–187)
• Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party (pp. 197–198)
• The Federalist Witch Hunt (pp. 198–199)
• The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions (pp. 199–200)
• Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans (pp. 200–202)
- -
PERIOD 3: 1754–1800
Key Concept 3.1 — British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.
I. The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven Years’ War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated France and their allied American Indians.
A. Colonial rivalry intensified between Britain and France in the mid-18th century, as the growing population of the British colonies expanded into the interior of North America, threatening French–Indian trade networks and American Indian autonomy.
B. Britain achieved a major expansion of its territorial holdings by defeating the French, but at tremendous expense, setting the stage for imperial efforts to raise revenue and consolidate control over the colonies.
C. After the British victory, imperial officials’ attempts to prevent colonists from moving westward generated colonial opposition, while native groups sought to both continue trading with Europeans and resist the encroachments of colonists on tribal lands.
II. The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.
A. The imperial struggles of the mid-18th century, as well as new British efforts to collect
taxes without direct colonial representation or consent and to assert imperial authority in the colonies, began to unite the colonists against perceived and real constraints on their economic activities and political rights.
B. Colonial leaders based their calls for resistance to Britain on arguments about the rights of British subjects, the rights of the individual, local traditions of self-rule, and the ideas of the Enlightenment.
C. The effort for American independence was energized by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, as well as by popular movements that included the political activism of laborers, artisans, and women.
D. In the face of economic shortages and the British military occupation of some regions, men and women mobilized in large numbers to provide financial and material support to the Patriot movement.
E. Despite considerable loyalist opposition, as well as Great Britain’s apparently overwhelming military and financial advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded because of the actions of colonial militias and the Continental Army, George Washington’s military leadership, the colonists’ ideological commitment and resilience, and assistance sent by European allies.
Key Concept 3.2 — The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government.
I. The ideals that inspired the revolutionary cause reflected new beliefs about politics, religion, and society that had been developing over the course of the 18th century.
A. Enlightenment ideas and philosophy inspired many American political thinkers to
emphasize individual talent over hereditary privilege, while religion strengthened
Americans’ view of themselves as a people blessed with liberty.
B. The colonists’ belief in the superiority of republican forms of government based
on the natural rights of the people found expression in Thomas Paine’s Common
Sense and the Declaration of Independence. The ideas in these documents resonated
throughout American history, shaping Americans’ understanding of the ideals on which the nation was based.
C. During and after the American Revolution, an increased awareness of inequalities in society motivated some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery and
greater political democracy in the new state and national governments.
D. In response to women’s participation in the American Revolution, Enlightenment
ideas, and women’s appeals for expanded roles, an ideal of “republican motherhood”
gained popularity. It called on women to teach republican values within the family
and granted women a new importance in American political culture.
E. The American Revolution and the ideals set forth in the Declaration of Independence
reverberated in France, Haiti, and Latin America, inspiring future independence movements.
II. After declaring independence, American political leaders created new constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both centralized power and excessive popular influence.
A. Many new state constitutions placed power in the hands of the legislative branch and maintained property qualifications for voting and citizenship.
B. The Articles of Confederation unified the newly independent states, creating a central
government with limited power. After the Revolution, difficulties over international
trade, finances, interstate commerce, foreign relations, and internal unrest led to calls for a stronger central government.
C. Delegates from the states participated in a Constitutional Convention and through negotiation, collaboration, and compromise proposed a constitution that created a
limited but dynamic central government embodying federalism and providing for a
separation of powers between its three branches.
D. The Constitutional Convention compromised over the representation of slave states in Congress and the role of the federal government in regulating both slavery and the slave
trade, allowing the prohibition of the international slave trade after 1808.
E. In the debate over ratifying the Constitution, Anti-Federalists opposing ratification battled with Federalists, whose principles were articulated in the Federalist Papers
(primarily written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison). Federalists ensured the
ratification of the Constitution by promising the addition of a Bill of Rights that enumerated individual rights and explicitly restricted the powers of the federal government.
III. New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the
United States alongside continued regional variations and differences
over economic, political, social, and foreign policy issues.
A. During the presidential administrations of George Washington and John Adams,
political leaders created institutions and precedents that put the principles of the
Constitution into practice.
B. Political leaders in the 1790s took a variety of positions on issues such as the relationship between the national government and the states, economic policy, foreign policy, and the balance between liberty and order. This led to the formation of political
parties—most significantly the Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
C. The expansion of slavery in the deep South and adjacent western lands and rising antislavery sentiment began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward the
institution.
D. Ideas about national identity increasingly found expression in works of art, literature, and architecture.
Key Concept 3.3 — Migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.
I. In the decades after American independence, interactions among different groups resulted in competition for resources, shifting alliances, and cultural blending.
A. Various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances
with Europeans, other tribes, and the U.S., seeking to limit migration of white settlers
and maintain control of tribal lands and natural resources. British alliances with
American Indians contributed to tensions between the U.S. and Britain.
B. As increasing numbers of migrants from North America and other parts of the world
continued to move westward, frontier cultures that had emerged in the colonial
period continued to grow, fueling social, political, and ethnic tensions.
C. As settlers moved westward during the 1780s, Congress enacted the Northwest
Ordinance for admitting new states; the ordinance promoted public education, the protection of private property, and a ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory.
D. An ambiguous relationship between the federal government and American Indian tribes contributed to problems regarding treaties and American Indian legal claims relating to the seizure of their lands.
E. The Spanish, supported by the bonded labor of the local American Indians, expanded
their mission settlements into California; these provided opportunities for social mobility among soldiers and led to new cultural blending.
II. The continued presence of European powers in North America challenged the United States to find ways to safeguard its borders, maintain neutral trading rights, and promote its economic interests.
A. The United States government forged diplomatic initiatives aimed at dealing with the continued British and Spanish presence in North America, as U.S. settlers migrated beyond the Appalachians and sought free navigation of the Mississippi River.
B. War between France and Britain resulting from the French Revolution presented
challenges to the United States over issues of free trade and foreign policy and fostered political disagreement.
C. George Washington’s Farewell Address encouraged national unity, as he cautioned against political factions and warned about the danger of permanent foreign alliances.