| Mill Hill Pageant Study Guide 13th Ed.pdf |
READING GUIDES & LESSON LINKS
Semester Two
Quick Navigation
AP Historic Periods 6 & 7
Reading Guide VI
1869-1896
With the Civil War a recent memory, the United States concentrates on the rapid industrialization of the Country. The West, South, and North all experience a new era that includes the growth of urbanization, massive immigration, and the consolidation of "big business" power.
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AP Period 6 (1865-1898) & Period 7 (1890-1945) (-)
Chapter 23. Politics and Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869-1896 Chapter24. Industry Comes of Age, 1865-1900 Chapter25. America Moves to the City, 1865-1900 Chapter26. The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896 | ||
Themes:
(You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this era)
American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity
Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development
Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development
Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences
Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development
America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development
American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures
Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development
(You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this era)
American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity
Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development
Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development
Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences
Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development
America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development
American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures
Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development
Rating the Gilded Age Presidents
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Rate the presidents of this era based on the issues of the day, and those that went, for the most part, ignored. Find out how they stack up against the rest of our presidents below.
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Factors of Industrialization
In 1800 the United States was a minor country, by 1900 it had become one of the most powerful nations in the world. A number of factors contributed to the rapid industrialization and growth of the United States, transforming the country into a machine civilization. Here we will look up the factors listed and organize them into 3 or 4 groups according to their similarities (your opinion). Then, describe how each of your groupings is similar. These groupings will become an organizational statement used to respond to a prompt later.
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Industrialization reshaped the American economy and society, generating new wealth and influence for the business elite. The growth of industries like petroleum refining, steel manufacturing, and electrical power, along with the expansion of railroads, connected even the most remote areas to a national market. This boom created a class of wealthy industrialists and a thriving middle class, while also swelling the ranks of blue-collar workers. The labor driving this transformation came from millions of new immigrants and rural migrants, adding to the country’s diversity. However, it also concentrated immense political power in the hands of a few and left a growing working class in poor conditions, sparking major reform movements across the nation.
Library of Congress
Library of Congress
Who Were the Wealthiest Americans of the Industrial Age?
The Game; Monopoly!
Almost every American knows this classic boardgame. From "The Landlord's Game in 1904 to today's many versions, Monopoly has captured our fascination, and given us hours of joy, frustration, and education. Learn more about the history of the game below.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Industrialization
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-"The Industrialization: Boom or Blight?" (p. 5--). Below.
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-"The Industrialization: Boom or Blight?" (p. 5--). Below.
The Brooklyn Bridge; A Symbol of America's Industrialization
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"The masterwork of John Augustus Roebling, the Brooklyn Bridge was built (1869–83) in the face of immense difficulties. The bridge’s 486-metre (1,595-foot) main span was the longest in the world. The towers were built of limestone, granite, and cement. Its deck, supported by four cables, would carry both automobile and pedestrian traffic. The bridge’s opening day, May 24, 1883, was marked by much celebration and was attended by U.S. President Chester A. Arthur. The building of it came to represent a landmark in technological achievement for a generation. Its strength and grace inspired poets, notably Walt Whitman, Hart Crane, and Marianne Moore, and a legion of photographers and painters, including Joseph Stella, John Marin, Berenice Abbott, and Alfred Eisenstaedt. Learn more of the story in the Ted Talk video included here." -Britannica
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Urbanization
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"The 19th century was a period of rapid urbanization, marked by the movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities. This phenomenon had profound effects on various aspects of society.
Rapid urban development resulted in the expansion of cities and the emergence of new industries. The growth of factories and the rise of industrialization led to job opportunities, attracting large numbers of individuals seeking employment. Cities became centers of commerce, trade, and innovation. However, this unprecedented growth also brought socioeconomic challenges. Overcrowding, inadequate housing, and poor sanitation conditions were prevalent in many urban areas. Disease outbreaks, such as cholera and typhoid, were common due to unsanitary living conditions. These challenges highlighted the need for urban planning, public health measures, and infrastructure development. Furthermore, urbanization had profound social and cultural implications. As people from different backgrounds migrated to cities, diverse communities and neighborhoods emerged, contributing to cultural exchange and new forms of social interaction. Urban areas became melting pots of different ethnicities, religions, and social classes. The industrial working class, comprising factory workers, faced harsh working conditions with long hours and low wages. This led to the rise of labor movements and advocacy for workers’ rights. The urban environment also provided opportunities for women to enter the workforce and participate in social reform movements, such as the suffrage movement. In conclusion, the rapid urbanization of the 19th century had both positive and negative impacts. While it fueled economic growth and innovation, it also brought challenges such as overcrowding, disease, and social inequality. Understanding the effects of urbanization in this era provides valuable insights into the development of modern cities and the ongoing efforts to address urban challenges." From https://19thcentury.us/19th-century-urbanization/ |
"Bandit's Roost," Circa 1890.
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Doing The DBQ (1979)
How committed was the U.S. government to a philosophy of Laissez-Faire politics? Click the document below to determine, using the documents provided, your answer.
| 1979-dbq.pdf |
The American Labor Movement
"The 19th century witnessed a significant transformation in labor practices, driven by the industrial revolution and social changes that reshaped the workforce. Industrialization brought about a shift from traditional agricultural economies to factory-based manufacturing. This resulted in a massive migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, seeking employment opportunities in the growing industries.
Technological advancements such as the mechanization of production processes, the development of new machinery, and the use of steam power, greatly increased productivity and output. These innovations led to the rise of mass production and the emergence of factories as the primary sites of labor.
The rise of factories also gave birth to a new class of workers, the proletariat, who were predominantly poor and lived in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. Factory owners, on the other hand, accumulated wealth and power, leading to the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
Working conditions during this period were often harsh and dangerous. Long working hours, typically ranging from 12 to 16 hours per day, were the norm. Factory workers endured unsafe work environments, with inadequate safety measures in place. Child labor was prevalent, as children were seen as a cheap source of labor.
The formation of trade unions emerged as a response to these challenging working conditions. Workers organized themselves to demand higher wages, better working conditions, and shorter working hours. They sought to protect their rights and improve their living standards through collective bargaining, strikes, and protests.
The tension between labor and capital intensified during this period, leading to clashes and conflicts. Governments responded with legislation to regulate labor practices, introducing laws that limited child labor, established minimum wages, and ensured safer working conditions.
By the end of the 19th century, industrialization had drastically changed the nature of work and labor relations. The transformation brought both positive and negative consequences, shaping the modern labor landscape we know today."
From
https://19thcentury.us/19th-century-labor/
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
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The first great labor uprising of the Gilded Age, the destruction, death, and fear caused by this strike had consequences for the future of the labor movement. Read the American Heritage article by clicking on their icon to the right.
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Late 19th and Early 20th Century Immigration
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The Late 19th and early 2oth centuries saw the largest number of Immigrants enter the United States in its history. What did this massive migration look like, and what was its impact?
An uncommon view of the Statue of Liberty, which has come to symbolize our nation of immigrants.
An Animated Map of Immigration.
From 1920 to 2013, 79 million people obtained lawful permanent resident status in the United States. This map visualizes all of them based on their prior country of residence. The brightness of a country corresponds to its total migration to the U.S. at the given time. 1 dot = 10,000 people
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Before Ellis Island, in the 1890s, other places for disembarkation in New York, like Castle Garden above, could be dangerous for new immigrants.
Timelines.
Below, Tasting Ellis Island with Max!
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Living on "Gold Maintain"
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Most of the immigration story tends to focus on the East Coast, where Europe's immigrants came through the "Golden Door," to the United States, Ellis Island, and past the Statue of Liberty. Another story, this on the West Coast, tells of Asians facing a much more difficult and dangerous route to "Gold Mountain." Click below to learn of Fong See's amazing success story.
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Chinese immigrant, Fong See.
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Political Cartoons and a Literary Renaissance
As urbanization gathered momentum, so did education, literacy, innovation, and publication. New opportunities for writers and artist produced an amazing amount of commentary on life and politics. Most notably, men like Joseph Keppler and Thamas Nast affected the very course of the late-19th century. Below, enjoy some of their work.
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Artist, Joseph Keppler
"Keppler studied art in Vienna. Following the Revolution of 1848, his father emigrated to the United States and settled in Missouri, where Joseph joined him in 1867. Two years later he established his first humorous weekly newspaper in St. Louis. It failed, and in 1870 he founded Puck, a German-language weekly that was also short-lived. Keppler then moved to New York City, and by 1875 he was drawing cover cartoons for Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper. He broke with Leslie in 1876 and founded a second German-language Puck, which was so successful that in 1877 an English-language version was begun. The English version lasted until 1918, 22 years longer than the German. Initially Keppler drew all the cartoons for Puck, and, although later many other artists contributed, his influence remained strong. His cartoon “Forbidding the Banns,” published on behalf of anti-Garfield forces in the Garfield-Hancock presidential campaign of 1880, attracted widespread attention." -Britannica |
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Keppler's 1892 Cartoon comment on Immigration--perfect for analysis.
Have student's use the CAPP method for analysis and discussion. Context, Audience, Point of View, and Purpose.
Have student's use the CAPP method for analysis and discussion. Context, Audience, Point of View, and Purpose.
Artists Thomas Nast in "Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization"
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"Among the recurring features were the political cartoons of Thomas Nast, who was recruited in 1862 and worked with the Weekly for more than 20 years. Nast was a feared caricaturist, and is often called the father of American political cartooning. He was the first to use an elephant as the symbol of the Republican Party. He also drew the legendary character of Santa Claus; his version became strongly associated with the figure, who was popularized as part of Christmas customs in the late nineteenth century." -Wikipedia.
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The drawings that helped take down the Tweed Ring!
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Industrialization and African-Americans
Faced with being left behind in an industrializing America, African-Americans debated how best to work toward prosperity and equal rights. Use the links below to learn about the philosophies of two famous Americans.
Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise"
One of Washington's best-known works, below.
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W.E.B. DuBois
One of DuBois' best-known works, below.
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Populism
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Populists
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-"The Populists: Radicals or Reactionaries?" (p. 5--) Click the documents below.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-The West
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-"The Industrialization: Was the West Really 'Won'?" (pp. 604) Click the document below.
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-"The Industrialization: Was the West Really 'Won'?" (pp. 604) Click the document below.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
The Last Western Frontier
Native-Americans in the Era of Industrialization
The Dawes Act
How did humanitarians hope to assimilate Native-Americans into American society? Click below.
How did humanitarians hope to assimilate Native-Americans into American society? Click below.
A Walk in Two Worlds: Zitkála-Šá
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Helen Hunt Jackson's book, A Century of Dishonor, helped encourage a desire to improve the condition of Native-Americans. The resulting goal of assimilation of Native-Americans into American society had mixed results. Read the story of Red Bird (Zitkala-Sa) to determine if assimilation helped or hurt her and her people. Click below.
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Wild West Gambling
The game of the frontier saloon was not Hold 'em or Omaha, or even poker--It was Faro. Click below to play some Faro!
The game of the frontier saloon was not Hold 'em or Omaha, or even poker--It was Faro. Click below to play some Faro!
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1900 House
Could your family live without electricity, electronics, privacy, and all the trappings of their modern life? Watch the episodes from the BBC's "1900 House" to see what happens to a modern family living as if it were 1900.
Episodes:
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One: The Time Machine
Two: A Rude Awakening.
Three: A Woman's Place.
Four: The End of an Era.
Five: How to be a Victorian.
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Six: Upstairs, Downstairs.
Seven: Women's Liberation.
Eight: The Good Old Days.
Nine: Back to the
Future Ten: A Year to Remember.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Women & African-Americans
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-Cultural and Intellectual Movements. Click the document below. Missing.
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
"Expanding Varying Viewpoints"-Cultural and Intellectual Movements. Click the document below. Missing.
Political Timeline
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AP Historic Periods 6 & 7
Reading Guide VII
1890-1919
In this next phase of American history, "economic and political forces spark a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansion for the United States that culminates in the Spanish-American War-a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines." The United Stets achieves major world power status, but must confront new responsibilities.
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Periods 6 (1865-1898) and 7 (1890-1945) (-)
Chapter 27. Empire and Expansion Chapter 28. Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Chapter 29. Wilsonian Progressivism at home and Abroad Chapter 30. The War To End War Themes: (You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this era) American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development | ||
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Why did America become a world power? (p 6--)
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
Click the document below.
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
Click the document below.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
The Spanish American War
The United States became a full-fledged Empire because of the consequences of of the Spanish-American war of 1898. What caused the war, and what were its results?
Jingoism
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As Urbanization stimulated the growth of news publications, competition drove this growing media to go extremes to sell copy. The resulting sensationalism had many
names--"Yellow Journalism," Jingoism, and the tabloids for example. Many cite this type of news for helping to create an aggressive American mood toward Spain. But was this a cause of the war with Spain? Click below to find out. |
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The American Empire at the turn of the last century (c. 1900)
The Central Intelligence Agency has one of the most comprehensive sites covering the World's countries and their territorial possessions. CIA staff refer to this site for basic information. We will use the site to uncover the current status of the once vast American Empire. Click below to begin your research.
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The Panama CanalThe Spanish American War confirmed America's new status as an industrial empire. Next, the new empire needed to be protected. Through diplomacy, military might, and technological innovation, the United States established a permanent role in World affairs. Central to that endeavor was the creation of a Path Between the Seas--the Panama Canal. Watch the videos at right to see how the Panama Canal works, and its role in our world. Below, click the button to learn the history of the Canal.
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Muckrakers, Reformers, and Progressivism
"The print revolution and increasing literacy rates [biproducts of urbanization] enabled publications to increase their subscriptions dramatically. What appeared in print was now more powerful than ever. Writing to Congress in hopes of correcting abuses was slow and often produced zero results. Publishing a series of articles had a much more immediate impact. Collectively called muckrakers, a brave cadre of reporters exposed injustices so grave they made the blood of the average American run cold." -Actively Learn.
The Jungle
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In 1906 Theodore Roosevelt used Upton Sinclair's The Jungle to move the House of Representatives to pass legislation to regulate food processing in America. Sinclair's novel about the Rudkus family was meant to draw attention to the plight of poor immigrants. Instead, Americans were most interested in the horrid conditions descibing the meat-packing plant where the Jurgis Rudkus worked. Here, we will read a few excerpts from the book to help us understand the conditions needing to be addressed by Progressive legislation.
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Learning Center Excerpts:
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Upton Sinclair
Questions. What examples does Sinclair use to demonstrate the following:
1) Graft & Corruption? 2) Political Machines? 3) Scams on Immigrants? 4) The Meat-Packing Industry? 5) Child Labor? 6) Layoffs? | ||||||
A Child on Strike
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"Camella Teoli was an Italian immigrant girl and textile mill worker. Her testimony before Congress in 1912 called national attention to unsafe working conditions in the mills, her own tragic accident, and helped bring a successful end to the 'Bread and Roses' strike." Watch the video to learn her story. (McDougal-Littell)
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Why Is There Little Socialism in the United States?
Werner Sombart, and many other Socialists, had expected the best glaring example of the Era's "Late" industrial capitalism--the United States--to be ripe for working-class revolution. He investigated why it had not in a 1904 journey that echoes the curiosity of Alexis de Tocqueville's the previous century. Like Tocqueville, his observations are a unique insight into our economic, political, and social fabric of our Nation.
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Article by Patrick Acard, University of Kansas. Click on the document below.
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The Progressive Era Chart
Here will chart the American middle-class alternative to some of the extreme answers being provided at the time to solve the problems of industrialization.
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The pdf chart below will help us create organizational themes to quantify Progressivism in all its forms, helping us to construct an essay on the topic. Use the file below to create your chart.
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Women’s Suffrage: Fact Sheet
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What a great resource! From the Congressional Research Service, this pdf. is short but packed with great information about the course of female suffrage.
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Reformers tackle the problems of urbanization. The Story of Us--"Cities"
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Exam Skills: "Varying Viewpoints: Who Were the Progressives?" (p. 6--)
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
Click the document below.
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
Click the document below.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Populists & Progressives
Click on the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Doing The DBQ (2003/2019)
Progressivism has been the subject of many College Board essay questions. Linked here are two DBQs that cover the subject.
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Gusher!
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On the 10th day of the first month of the 20th Century oil exploded from the ground near Beaumont Texas. This event would help lead to oil being plentiful, cheap, and the primary fuel of our society for the next 150 years. Pattillo Higgins (pictured here), the architect of this seminal event has an amazing story. Click below to find out more.
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Americans Video Series
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What Lead to US
We will plot the American response to newspaper headlines of the Great War in Europe to determine the cause of U.S. entry into conflict with Germany and the Central Powers. Below are some extra resources.
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INFLUENZA 1918
What killed more Americans than all the wars fought in the 20th century, and nearly brought our country to the breaking point? An H1N1 Influenza A Virus. Watch this video excerpt from American Experience to learn more. The full video is amazingly well done. How was the COVID experience different?
The 94th Aero Squadron
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Want kind of men climb into an aircraft, without parachutes to take to the skies in a kill or be killed duel to the death? Watch the video below to learn about America's "Ace of Aces," Eddie Rickenbacker. Learn about this man and America's most famous squadron of the Great War. (From The Americans Series)
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Our Colored Heroes |
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The Case:
Host Tukufu Zuberi switched roles for this story and brought a question of his own to History Detectives. Tukufu collects posters featuring African Americans in combat. One in particular intrigues him. Titled Our Colored Heroes, the poster tells an incredible World War I story. A raiding party of more than 20 Germans attacked two African American doughboys on sentry duty. The poster quotes General Pershing who praises the two colored sentries who ‘continued fighting after receiving wounds and despite the use of grenades by a superior force.’ Did all of this actually happen? And why was this poster made? Tukufu, along with fellow History Detectives host Elyse Luray track down the truth, and call on the insight of U.S. Senator Charles Schumer to answer Tukufu’s question. |
Henry Johnson, c. 1918.
"Though former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt called Johnson one of the “five bravest Americans” to serve in World War I, and the government used his image on Victory War stamps and army recruiting materials, Johnson’s discharge papers made no mention of his many wounds, and he received no disability pay after the war. Johnson returned to Albany, and to his job as a railroad porter, but his injuries made it difficult for him to work, and he soon began to decline into alcoholism and poverty. His wife and children left him, and he died penniless in 1929 at the age of 32. As far as anyone in his family knew, he ended up in a pauper’s grave in Albany." History.com
Johnson was a member of the 369th Infantry Regiment (the "Harlem Hell-Fighters") Click the button below to learn more.
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Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
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Oliver Wendell Holmes was shaped by the single most important event of his life--The Civil War. From the Lochner dissent to questions of free speech, his experience shaped his conviction. Spending thirty years on the Supreme Court, he helped shaped American understanding of the Constitution. Read the document below to learn his views on the Great War and civil rights.
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The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations
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What did President Woodrow Wilson hope to achieve by being the first sitting president to visit Europe, attending the Paris Peace Conference? Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Conference's Versailles Treaty?
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-"Interrupting the Ceremony"
Click on the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-"Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist" (Varying Viewpoints, pp. 689-690).
From the Cengage Learning Teacher's Resource Guide, 2016
Click the documents below.
Click the documents below.
Missing.
Clothing Styles of the 1910s
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Political Timeline
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AP Historic Period 7
Reading Guide VIII
1919-1945
In this next phase of American history, America is on the move--technologically, as the internal combustion engine revolutionizes travel, and geographically, as Americans continue to move to cities for opportunity. All this as the United States faces the great challenges of depression and war.
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Period 7 (1890-1945)
Chapter 30. American Life in the "Roaring Twenties," 1920-1929. Chapter 31. The Politics of Boom and Bust, 1920-1932. Chapter 32. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1933-1939. Chapter 33. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941. Chapter 34. America in World War II, 1941-1945. Themes: (You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this era) American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development | ||
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-The Economy of the 1920s
Click the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Lecture: The Era of
"Normalcy" |
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When the Negro was en Vogue
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Langston Hughes was probably the most famous artist to be associated with the Harlem Renaissance. In his autobiography, The Big Sea, he is also the period's most important critic. What did urbanization mean for African-Americans? Click below to discover his criticism.
Excerpt below from The Big Sea: An Autobiography
Discussion Questions:
1) How would you describe Harlem of the 1920s based on your reading of this excerpt? 2) Why do you think white America suddenly became fascinated by Harlem? 3) What is ironic about the situation described in this excerpt? Dust Tracks on a Road: Zora!
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Influencial members of the Harlem Renaissance: Langston Hughes, Charles S. Johnson, E. Franklin Frazier, Rudolph Fisher and Hubert Delany overlooking St. Nicholas Avenue in Harlem in the 1920s.
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Clothing Styles of the 1920s, 1930s, & 1940s
The 1920s witnessed great changes in American society, many of which have set standards today. The most obvious changes were to the styles of dress for men and women--new technology, the automobile, the Great War, national voting rights for women, prohibition, motion pictures, etc. changed the course of fashion forever.
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Sven Raphael Schneider from Gentlemen's Gazeette Below
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From the Ultimate Fashion History Below
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From the getting Dressed series--
CrowsEyeProductions Below |
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Slang of the 1920s
Click below to learn some of the new words that emerged from a new and urbanizing America.
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Charles Lindbergh's Journey
Does anyone remember the old commuter terminal mural in San Diego?
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"In the United States, the 1920s were characterized by powerful tensions that pitted the entrenched forces of tradition against the dynamic energy of modernity. This film seeks to understand that conflict through the story of celebrated aviator Charles Lindbergh. Belonging in spirit to a rapidly disappearing small-town America yet a strong believer in progress, 'Lucky Lindy' captured the imagination of the country as he helped to move the world into a new era." (ABC News) I miss the voice of Peter Jennings--RIP brother.
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The Stock Market
From the Corporate Finance Institute.
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Of Course, the Stock Market Crash did not cause the great depression--only a small minority of Americans even owned stock. What did? Watch the beginning of The Story of US, Episode 8.
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Hoover Struggles with the Great Depression
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Discover what President Herbert Hoover did to fight the Great Depression. Click the document below to complete the worksheet.
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A Song For His People (The story of Pedro J. González): The Impact of the Great Depression on Latinos.
The Life of Pedro J. Gonzalez Mural, San Diego Bay Bridge & Chicano Park.
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The Great Depression had a dramatic effect on people who already were experiencing economic and social hardships. One group, Mexican immigrants were especially targeted by authorities, being seen as endangering the prosperity of U. S. citizens. A singer, radio host, and outspoken opponent of discrimination, "Dom Pedro" became a symbol for, and a voice of, his people--people without a voice. Click the link below to learn more. I am still looking for the Americans video about Pedro.
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The Dust Bowl
How did an environmental disaster of biblical proportions affect Americans?
Broke, But Not Broken: Anne Mario Lowe's Dustbowl Diary Americans Video (Still looking for this great video).
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Lecture: The
New Deal |
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The New Deal
The Great Depression was brought on by a perfect storm of conditions. Environmental disaster, economic instability, and political malaise brought the nation misery on a biblical scale. Franklin Roosevelt promised Americans a New Deal to approach the crisis with unprecedented government action, as if the Nation was at war. Ironically, it would be real war that truly ended the Great Depression, not government action and spending. What did the New Deal accomplish? Check out the chart below.
The Works Progress Administration in San Diego
"Built by the New Deals Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression years 1936-37, our gym has literally seen millions of individuals from the school and community pass through its doors to watch and participate in plays and musicals, the community's Christmas Pageant, sporting events, assemblies, committee and district meetings, conventions, speeches, and practices and rehearsals of every conceivable kind. The Gym was even noticed in the April 13, 1959 issue of Life Magazine, highlighting the school's nominating convention. Now, the building only hints at its 1930s Art Deco origins, due to a millennial refurbishment that removed all the windows and added stucco to the styles tell-tale columns and rounded edges.
Along with a gym, between 1935 and 1937, WPA project number 653 planted palm trees and grass; remodeled the old Auditorium with classrooms; poured concrete for tennis courts; constructed a mechanical arts building that housed wood, metal, and auto shops (the shop building now houses the Boys Locker Room, the Weight Room, and other facilities); realigned and seeded the football field parallel with old Murray Drive; lined the bank on the home-side of the same field with stone and cement; built the temporary wooden building on the canyon; added a cement and rock terrace to the canyon (now gone); and built a bridge over the railroad tracks in front of the school (since replaced by the current bridge)."
Along with a gym, between 1935 and 1937, WPA project number 653 planted palm trees and grass; remodeled the old Auditorium with classrooms; poured concrete for tennis courts; constructed a mechanical arts building that housed wood, metal, and auto shops (the shop building now houses the Boys Locker Room, the Weight Room, and other facilities); realigned and seeded the football field parallel with old Murray Drive; lined the bank on the home-side of the same field with stone and cement; built the temporary wooden building on the canyon; added a cement and rock terrace to the canyon (now gone); and built a bridge over the railroad tracks in front of the school (since replaced by the current bridge)."
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-How radical was the New Deal?
Click the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
and /or
Equal Rights and the New Deal.
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The New Deal did not affect all groups equally. As "bread winners," male employment took precedence, while region racial customs, politics, and racism kept African-Americans and minorities from benefitting more significantly from New Deal programs. The Roosevelt's efforts to include and listen to all groups in the New Deal was instrumental in capturing the political loyalty of minority voters for the Democrat Party--a loyalty that continues to this day.
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Artificial Intelligence:
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A Rebel Artist is inspired by The Great Depression.
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Entertainment in the Depression-Era 1930s
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Radio and Movies
Cheap forms of entertainment abounded in the 1930s. At 25 cents for a feature movie, and free shows on Radio, the Depression Era was a golden age for entertainment--Nearly 70% of Americans saw movies on a regular basis, while most American households owned at least one radio. Click the links below to discover this lost world of entertainment art. |
Bob Hope
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Fun activity! Have students rate the entertainment value of the most watched movies in history, by population. I used to link the billboards in the PowerPoint to the best scenes from each. I suggest popcorn also. Why did these movies resonate with Americans and the world in the 1920s and '30s?
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Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh in Gone With The Wind
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Totalitarianism Timeline, 1920s to 1940s
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-America and the Coming War.
From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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The Four Freedoms
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FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 1941 STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS “THE FOUR FREEDOMS," JANUARY 6 1941 (77th Congress)
In an effort to prepare Americans and Congress for increased involvement in the Second World War, President Roosevelt describes the purpose of American democracy in the conflict--supporting friendly countries and people's endangered by Totalitarianism. |
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How did the War affect specific people and groups?
America's Female Auxiliary Pilots
Jean Landis flew her last plane, a P-51 fighter, to New York from the West Coast. She buzzed the Statue of Liberty in a poetic moment that symbolized a young woman's journey from a modest farm in eastern San Diego to a triumphant journey to one of the greatest symbols of American freedom. Click on the links below to learn her story.
America's Secret Weapon
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Slacks!!!!!!
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Cartoons go to War
It was a testament to the size and scope of the war effort in World War Two that even cartoons played a role in achieving victory. The images and messages in this Bugs Bunny cartoon say as much about the enemy as they do about our country in 1944. What racist stereotypes are present in the video?
All sides created stereotypical imagery to dehumanize their enemy for the war effort . . .
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Japanese Internment
On April 1, 1942, San Diego's Japanese immigrant population faced a situation that was anything but an April Fool's joke--they were told they had a week to settle their affairs and report to the Santa Fe depot in downtown San Diego to be sent to an unknown destination. Because they looked like America's Japanese enemy, they were considered potentially dangerous, without any evidence of anti-American activity. Click below to learn their full story.
War Relocation Authority, Poston Arizona Camp. This is where most of San Diego's Japanese population was sent.
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Former Student Grace Kaminaka-Tsuida returned to thank Grossmont High School and the Museum's Baer sisters for her honorary diploma in 2012. Internment prevented her graduation in 1942.
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Lynn, Grace, and Connie at the old Grossmont Museum.
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Love Amidst Holocaust
Perhaps there is nothing more poignant than hope, faith, and love born of tragedy. Certainly, the story of a U.S. soldier (Kurt Klein) and a Jewish girl near death (Gerda Weissman) who meet and, eventually, fall in love, in the midst of one of the darkest periods of history, is as unique as it is inspiring. Click below to learn their story.
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In this episode of Tasting History watch Max investigate the role of ice cream in America's victory, below.
Bella's Famous People of WWII
Click below to find a great list from the TruePeopleSearch engine, thanks to an inquisitive student--thank you, Bella! We need a new link.
The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki-From THE OPERATIONS ROOM.
Should President Truman Have Dropped the Atomic Bomb?
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Also, an interesting link below . . .
Crewmembers of the Enola Gay. Standing from left to right: ground maintenance officer Lt. Col. John Porter, navigator Capt. Theodore J. “Dutch” Van Kirk, bombardier Maj. Thomas W. Ferebee, 509th Group CO and pilot Col. Paul W. Tibbets, co-pilot Capt. Robert A. Lewis, and radar counter-measure officer Lt. Jacob Beser. Kneeling from left to right: radar operator Sgt. Joseph S. Stiborik, tail gunner Staff Sgt. George R. Caron, radio operator Pfc. Richard H. Nelson, assistant engineer Sgt. Robert H. Shumard, and flight engineer Staff Sgt. Wyatt E. Duzenbury. Robert F. Dorr Collection photo
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Oppenheimer, the Father of the
Atomic Bomb
Atomic Bomb
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You can only visit the Trinity test site once a year. My Brother and I in New Mexico.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Dropping the Atomic Bombs
"Varying Viewpoints: _______ (American Pageant, )."
See the documents below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
See the documents below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
Political Timeline
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AP Periods 8 & 9
Reading Guide IX
1945-1992
America emerges from World War II as the most powerful nation in human history. With this power comes new world-wide responsibilities, many of which challenge the Nation in ways never expected, forever altering society, politics, and the economy.
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Period 8 & 9 (1945-1992)
Chapter 35. The Cold War Begins, 1945-1953 Chapter 36. American Zenith, 1952-1963 Chapter 37. The Stormy Sixties, 1963-1973 Chapter 38. Challenges to the Postwar Order, 1973-1980 Chapter 39. The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-1992 Themes: (You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this ere) American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development | ||
Clothing Styles of the 1950s
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Who was responsible for the Cold War?
"Varying Viewpoints: Who Was to Blame for the Cold War (American Pageant, p. 8 8--)."
See the documents below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
See the documents below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
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The Cold War at home: Who is Un-American?
A Second Red Scare overcame the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, as the Soviet Union continued its prewar, self-stated policy to expand Communism worldwide. The fear of this expansion, combined with shocking examples of spying within the United States and the West, convinced many that the threat to America was from within as well as without. The resulting loyalty oaths, investigative committees, blacklisting, and grandstanding fear-mongering led to challenges to the American ideals of freedom of speech and thought.
I need to find the Americans story of Gordon and Tony Kahn.
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The Classic, "Point of Order"
Watch as Army Special Counsel Joe Welch helps dismantle McCarthyism, below!
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William Levitt and the Making of Modern America
Coming Soon.
Lecture: The American Dream, 1946-1960.
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The post-World War Two years brought anxiety and fear, but they also brought one the most secure and stable eras of prosperity that Americans had ever known. What stopped the Great Depression from returning after World War II? What limitations still prevented all Americans from from achieving the most the Era had to offer? Was this Era the product of the "Greatest Generation," forged by depression and war?
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Nuclear Devistation
The Atomic Bomb and the Cold War
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America's atomic bomb helped win World War Two. As other countries developed their own atomic weapons, and the Cold War began, the testig of ever more powerful nuclear bombs increased at a pace that may seem incredible.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Cold War Confrontation & Peaceful Co-Existence?
See the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Elvis! Innocence in Rebellion.
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The forces that transformed the 1960s into a time of massive social change can all be traced back to the 1950s. The biggest evidence of a changing America was manifest in a young man from Memphis playing a new style of music--Rock and Roll/Bop. The results of this man and his music helped create a widening generation gap, and further integration of society. Click on the right to watch The ABC News Special hosted by the late Peter Jennings, "Memphis Dreams."
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The Other America
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Activist and writer Michael Harrington (1928–1989) published The Other America: Poverty in the United States in 1962. Read by President Kennedy and many others, this highly influential book argued that despite America’s apparent postwar prosperity, tens of millions of Americans were stuck in desperate poverty. The Other America spurred many of the domestic policy initiatives undertaken by the federal government in the 1960s, known collectively as “the war on poverty.” Click below to read Harrington's main points.
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Veterans Fight Other Battles
Cesar Chavez, leader of, and advocate for, powerless farm workers.
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It is not an accident that men, having fought the "Great Crusade" against Totalitarianism in World War Two and served their nation in the Cold War, should return to lead the struggle against tyranny they experienced at home.
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Jacky Robinson, integrator of Major League Baseball
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The Power of Television
The Election of 1960. By 1960, most Americans had the ability to readily watch Television. The election of that year was a watershed moment in American politics. The majority of those who listened to the first televised presidential debate between Vice-President Nixon and Congressman Kennedy thought that Nixon had won. Those that watched this momentous moment on television though that Kennedy had done a better job of delivering his message. Watch and decide for yourself!
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The New Frontier and the Great Society
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Find below documents that will allow you to analyze both the New Frontier and the Great Society.
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The Struggle of Our National
Convictions . . .
America's Civil Rights Movement: A Time For Justice
The amazing John Lewis, warrior for human dignity. You need to research him! He is at the forefront of every battle! Spot him in the video below--marcher #1.
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"America's Civil Rights Movement depicts the battle for civil rights as told by its foot soldiers. They rode where they weren't supposed to ride, walked where they weren't supposed to walk, and sat where they weren't supposed to sit--They stood their ground until they won their freedom." Click to the right to watch a video from the Southern Poverty Law Center, "A Time for Justice." Below see charts covering African-American organizations of this era (I got this great information from a friend at an AP grading years ago.)
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On Rosa's Bus. National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis.
"Take My Hand, Precious Lord." The Lorraine Motel, National Civil Rights Museum.
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Differing African-American Opinions from Dr. King
By 1965 Dr. King's message of non-violence and integration was being challenged by different ideas. Listen to some of these, below.
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The Kennedy Assassination
Perhaps no event in the modern era is more engrained on our culture than the last assassination of a President of the United States. Certainly, no event has given life to a more disseminated set of conspiracy theories. Was President Kennedy killed by a single crazed gunman or a vast conspiracy?
The Election of 1964 on Television
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By 1964 Television (T.V) was having a major impact on Presidential Elections, as almost all Americans now had T.V. From the 1952 Eisenhower campaign commercials excliaming "I like Ike" to the first televised debates in the close 1960 Election, which many believe helped John Kennedy beat Richard Nixon, the new media had changed politics. 1964 saw a full commercial campaign battle for a new and numerous T.V. audience. Click below to see the results.
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Two Days in October
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"In October 1967, history turned a corner. In a jungle in Vietnam, a Viet Cong ambush nearly wiped out an American battalion, prompting some in power to question whether the war might be unwinnable. On a campus in Wisconsin, a student protest against the war spiraled out of control, marking the first time that a campus anti-war demonstration had turned violent.
From Robert Kenner, director of the groundbreaking film Food, Inc., Two Days in October tells the emotionally wrenching parallel stories. The film features firsthand accounts from the people whose lives were irrevocably changed by what happened — American and Viet Cong soldiers, relatives of men killed in battle, protesting students, police officers, and university faculty and administrators. Collectively, their words speak to the heartbreak caused by the war and the stark division it wrought on the home front. Two Days in October is based on the book They Marched Into Sunlight, by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Maraniss." Winner of the 2005 Peabody Award and the 2006 Primetime Emmy for Exceptional Merit in Non-Fiction Filmmaking |
Vietnam: War on T.V.
Some of the most famous videos and photographs of the Vietnam War. Never before had a war been covered in such an thorough way. On television every night, the images of the war helped turn many Americans against America's efforts to save South Vietnam from Communism. Warning. These are disturbing images.
The napalm attack that sears the pain of war into the American psyche.
The execution that shocks American sensibilities.
The news broadcast where America's most trusted anchor turns against the Vietnam conflict.
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"CBS News anchor Walter Cronkite went to Vietnam to provide viewers with an assessment of the war’s progress. His one-hour special report aired on Feb. 27, 1968."
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The Women's Rights Movement
1968:
The Year that Shaped a Generation
The Year that Shaped a Generation
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Turbulent, deadly, controversial, and amazing. 1968 was a year of war, protests, riots, assassinations, murder, comebacks, and achievement. There have only been a handful of years in American history that so affected and changed the course of our Nation as did '68. Perhaps the only thing that saved this year at all was Apollo 8, and the emergence of a little light that shined in the darkness-Little Donny Ginn was born!
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One Giant Leap
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In the context of the Cold War, American determination and skill produced the most dramatic moments of the 20th Century, ultimately reaching Luna (Our Moon) by 1968. The Apollo missions of NASA, built on the lessons of Gemini, Mercury, did more than highlight American exceptionalism--the landing on the Moon became humanity's great achievement, shared by the Astronauts involved with the world, despite the conflict that gripped the era. Please watch the great HBO series at left--it is not The Right Stuff or Apollo 13, but you will love it.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-The 1960s: Construction or Destruction?
"The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive (American Pageant, p. 944)." See the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
Clothing Styles of the 1960s & 1970s
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The Rise and Fall of Richard Nixon
Watergate
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After the Vietnam experience, the Pentagon Papers' release, and the Zapruder film of the Kennedy assassination, the Watergate scandal becomes the last nail in the coffin of inherent trust and confidence in the American government. It also destroys a presidency. Watch the video to learn about the break in that changed American history.
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The Century: Live From Tehran (ABC)
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How did one event, in 1979, help to doom a presidency and set the stage for over 40 years of confrontation between the United States and fundamental Islam? Watch the video to find out. Amazing! The late, great Peter Jennings. The Century series was groundbreaking!
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-Liberalism and Conservatism in the 1970s
See the question below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-"Where did modern Conservatism come from?"
See the question below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene. This SAQ is repeated again in the last Reading Guide.
Lecture: The Cold War, 1945-1991.
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From President Truman to President Bush, no one factor had ever influenced the course of our nation's history like the struggle to contain and erode the influence of international Communism.
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Love Canal; Poisoned Playground
Political Timeline
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AP Historic Period 9
Reading Guide X
1980-2014
In the long twilight of the Cold War, Americans recover from the economic malaise of the 1970s, see the collapse of the Soviet Union, and face the new international threat of Mideast cultivated terrorism. As new millennium dawns, American society faces challenges to cultural social norms, as a variety of civil rights and social movements achieve greater acceptance and voice.
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Period 9 (1980 Through the 1990s)
Chapter 39. The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1980-1992 Chapter 40. America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era, 1992-2000 Chapter 41. The American People Face the New Century, 2001-2014 Themes: (You must provide specific evidence to explain the importance of your theme in this era) American and National Identity (NAT)--Groups and Levels of Unity Work, Exchange, and Technology (WXT)--Impact of People and Technology on Development Geography and the Environment (GEO)--Influence of these on Development Migration and Settlement (MIG)--Causes and Consequences Politics and Power (POL)--Influences on Development America in the World (WOR)--Influences of other Nations on Development American and Regional Culture (ARC)--Causes and Consequences on Different American Cultures Social Structures (SOC)--Causes and Consequences of Organizations on Development | ||
Clothing Styles of the 1980s & 1990s
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The Sagebrush Revolution:
The Reagan Era & Conservatism
The Reagan Era & Conservatism
The Legacy of Ronald Reagan is still being debated, shaped, and determined. What made this man the leading heroic figure of modern conservatism, and, for others, the heartless director of pitiless economic theory and warmongering.
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Exam Skills: SAQ (Short Answer Question)-"Where did modern Conservatism come from?"
"Varying Viewpoints: Where Did Modern Conservatism Come From? (American Pageant, p. 954)." See the document below. From The American Pageant Teacher Resource Guide, Cengage Learning, 2016. By Time Greene.
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Expanding the "Varying Viewpoints"
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The Clinton Era
(The 1990s) |
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THE BIRTH OF HIP HOP
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The Case:
"A hip hop enthusiast from New York City has always heard that 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx is the birthplace of hip hop. The story goes that on August 11, 1973 DJ Kool Herc, a building resident, was entertaining at his sister’s back-to-school party, and tried something new on the turntable: he extended an instrumental beat (breaking or scratching) to let people dance longer (break dancing) and began MC’ing (rapping) during the extended breakdancing. This, the contributor believes, marked the birth of hip hop. The music led to an entire cultural movement that’s altered generational thinking – from politics and race to art and language. History Detectives sets out to examine an inner city environment that helped lay the foundation for a cultural revolution." (Season 6, Episode 11) |
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